Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A.5. Counter actions against extremism

The Naxalite movement is largely considered the country’s single greatest threat to its internal security.

Maintenance of law and order is the responsibility of state governments, but the central government has deployed CRPF troops in these areas and they act as support systems for state police.

Centre has also deployed the CoBRA – Commando Battalion for Resolute Actions- elite forces specializing in guerrilla and jungle warfare.

Insurgencies in Jammu and Kashmir and northeast states have been dealt with with the implementation of AFPSA (Armed forces special power act), but the Naxal infested areas are not included in this.

Grey Hound Police

They are an elite commando force of Andhra Pradesh created to combat left-wing extremists. The Force is known for its guerrilla approach and its functioning in the field, which is near similar to that of the Maoists.

Operation Green Hunt

It was the name used by the Indian media to describe the “all-out offensive” by the government of India’s paramilitary forces and the state’s forces against the Naxalites. The operation is believed to have begun in November 2009 along with five states in the Red Corridor.

Salwa Judum

It was described as a People’s movement and meant, “Peace hunt” in the local Gondi tribal dialect. The movement was launched by a few villagers angered by Naxal interference in the local trade of tendu leaves used for making bidis.

  • Poorly trained, ill-equipped, and immature, some of the Salwa Judum cadres themselves looted many tribal villages. It resulted in a civil war-like situation in these regions. Later, Supreme Court ruled the movement to be unconstitutional as only the state has the responsibility for maintaining law and order.

A security blueprint to tackle the Maoist threat was prominently featured in the government’s 14-Point Policy and subsequently took the form of a series of security-centric measures to address the growing Maoist movement:

  • Modernization of police forces
  • Strengthening intelligence networks
  • Aiding states in security-related infrastructure
  • Deployment of central paramilitary forces
  • Special infrastructure scheme
  • The launch of the SAMADHAN scheme in May 2017.
  • Ban on the CPI (Maoist) and the UAPA Act, 2009
  • Strengthening monitoring and coordination mechanisms through a series of steps, including the creation of a Unified Command.

Peace Talks with Maoists and ceasefires

  • 2004: Andhra Pradesh government entered into peace talks with the Maoist but ended in no results.
  • 2009: Home Minister P. Chidambaram called for ceasefire and peace talks, Maoist first accepted the cease-fire, but within a few hours there was an attack on a paramilitary battalion, which made all expectations of peace with Maoists nonexistent.

Surrender Policy

Naxal-affected states have also announced surrender policies-

  • The Jharkhand government offered Rs 50000 to surrendered Naxalites plus a monthly allowance of Rs.2000, one acre of agricultural land, and educational and health benefits to their children.
  • The Chhattisgarh government offered up to Rs.3 lakh for weapon surrender.
  • The Orissa government announced Rs. 10000 for surrender, Rs.20000 for arms surrender, and Rs 2 lakh of bank loan without interest for two years.

But there is no effective intelligence mechanism to identify Naxal cadres. Often, tribal youths surrender as Naxals after many of them joining the Naxal movement to reap these benefits.