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Understanding Coordination in Plants for Survival and Adaptation:
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Coordination in plants involves the regulation of various physiological and developmental processes to ensure their survival and adaptation to the environment.
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How does coordination in plants facilitate movements without a nervous system?
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- Lacks Nervous System: Plants lack a nervous system and muscles, yet they exhibit responses to stimuli.
- Two types of plant movement are observed:
- Immediate response to stimuli and
- Movement due to growth.
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How does coordination in plants drive rapid movements through electrical-chemical communication?
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- Rapid Movement in plants: Plants like the sensitive plants demonstrate rapid movement in response to touch.
- Electrical-Chemical Communication and Cell Changes in Plants: Electrical-chemical means are used for communication between cells, even though there is no specialized tissue for information conduction.
- Unlike animals, plant cells change shape by altering water content, leading to swelling or shrinking and subsequent movement.
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Coordination in Plants Tropic Movements: Environmental Stimuli through Phototropism, Geotropism:
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- Tropic Movements in plants: Plants exhibit tropic movements, such as phototropism and geotropism, in response to environmental stimuli like light and gravity.
- Phototropic movements: It involves shoots bending towards the light, while roots bend away from it.
- Geotropism Movement: It dictates the upward growth of shoots and the downward growth of roots in response to the Earth’s gravitational pull.
- Additionally, plants display hydrotropism and chemotropism, responding to water and chemicals, respectively.
- Example: Pollen tubes exhibit chemotropism as they grow towards ovules during reproduction.
- Communication of Information in Multicellular Organisms: In multicellular organisms involves quick responses, like the sensitive plant’s rapid touch-induced movement, and slower responses, such as sunflowers adjusting to day and night.
- In both plant and animal bodies, controlled directional growth occurs, emphasizing the need for rapid information transfer for swift responses to stimuli.
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Coordination in Plants through Chemical Communication and Hormonal Regulation
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- Multicellular organisms, including plants, use chemical communication for coordination.
- Hormonal Coordination in Cells: They are diverse compounds, released by stimulated cells and diffuse to reach other cells, coordinating growth, development, and responses to the environment.
- Examples of Plant Hormones: auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid.
- Auxins promote cell elongation and bending towards light in growing shoots.
- Gibberellin aids in stem growth.
- Cytokinins stimulate cell division, particularly in areas of rapid growth like fruits and seeds.
- Abscisic acid inhibits growth and is associated with effects like leaf wilting.
- Plant hormones play a vital role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, ensuring a balanced response to stimuli and environmental conditions.
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