Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
0/46
List of All Topics & Subtopics given in UPSC Notes
Sample: New States And Union Territories Created After 1956
Sample: Quick Comparison Of The Indian Constitutional With That Of Other Countries
Sample: Detailed Comparison Of The Indian Constitution With That Of Other Countries
Sample: E-Governance for G2C vs G2E vs G2B vs G2G
Sample: Minerals And Energy Resources
Sample: Government Measures to prevent Wildlife entry into Human Habitats
Sample: DNA Barcoding
Sample: Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0): Present
Sample: Types Of Colonization
Sample: Art & Culture
Sample: Indian History
Sample: Doctrine of Lapse Policy
Sample: British Expansion Beyond Indian Frontiers
Sample: Muslim Socio-Religious Movements and Organisation
Sample: The First War Of Independence (1857)
Sample: India’s Struggle for Independence: Indian Freedom Movement
Sample: The Gandhian Era (1869-1948): Chronological Overview
Sample: Early Resistance To British Rule (1757-1857)
Sample: Caste system
Sample: Diversity vs Inclusion
Sample: Heat Balance 
Sample: Water Resources
Sample: Governance: Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States
Sample: Supreme Court of India: Historical Background & Constitutional Provisions
Sample: Indian Judiciary
Sample: Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections: i. Children
Sample: India’s issues with tackling the menace of Antimicrobial Resistance
Sample: Issues Relating to Poverty in India
Sample: Issues relating to Hunger
Sample: Evolution of Governance in India
Sample: Data on Important Aspects of Governance
Sample: Impact of Poor Governance on Development
Sample: Objectives of Economic Planning
Sample: Need & Indian Efforts For Inclusive Growth
Sample: Agriculture Marketing
Sample: Key Features of Model Contract Farming Act
Sample: Insurgency in Northeast India
Sample: Linkages of organized crimes with terrorism
Sample: Relation Between Trafficking and Terrorism
Sample: Natural Vegetation in India
Sample: Aquatic Ecosystem
Sample: Other Major Pollution And Pollutants
Sample: Biosphere Reserves & Biodiversity Hotspots of India
Sample: Dimensions of Ethics
Sample: Ethics Case Studies
UPSC Sample Notes [English]

i. Supreme Court – Historical Background

  • The Regulating Act of 1773 marked the beginning of judicial reforms in India. It established a Supreme Court in Calcutta, primarily to oversee the administration of justice in the Bengal Presidency.
  • The India High Courts Act of 1861 established High Courts in different provinces and eliminated the Supreme Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, as well as the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns.
  • Federal Court of India was established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction.
  • Supreme Court of India succeeded the Federal Court under the Government of India Act 1935.
  • After its inauguration on January 28, 1950, the Supreme Court commenced its sittings in a part of the Parliament House. The Court moved into the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 
  • – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –  

 

   

ii. Supreme Court – Constitutional Provisions

Article 124

Establishes the Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and other judges appointed by the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 125

Determines the salaries of Supreme Court judges, including the CJI, to be charged on the Consolidated – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 126

Empower the President to appoint the most senior judge of the Supreme Court as acting Chief Justice in the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 127

Allows the CJI to appoint qualified persons as ad hoc judges in case of vacancies or lack of – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 128

Permits the CJI to request retired judges to sit and act as judges of the- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 129

Declares the Supreme Court a court of record and empowers it to punish for- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – .

Article 130

States that the Supreme Court shall sit in Delhi or other places appointed by the CJI with the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 131

Grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction in disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 132

Deals with Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeals from – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 133

Deals with Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court from High Court in- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 134

Deals with Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court from High Court in – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 135

Jurisdiction and powers of the federal court under existing laws to be exercisable by the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 136

Jurisdiction of Supreme Court to entertain by special leave to – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 137

Review of judgments or orders by the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Article 138

Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 139

Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.

Article 140

Deals with the Ancillary powers of the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 141

Law declared by the Supreme Court shall be binding on all courts within the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 142

Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 143

Power of President to consult the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 144

Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 145

Rules of Court.- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 146

Officers and servants and the expenses of – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Article 147

Provision for the interpretation of the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

 

iii. Composition and Appointment

  • The Supreme Court consists of 34 judges (one chief justice and thirty-three other judges). In 2019, the centre notified an increase in the number of Supreme Court judges from 31 to 34, including the Chief Justice of India as per the Supreme Court ( number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019.
  • The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. The chief justice is appointed by the President after consultation with such judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts as deems necessary.
  • The consultation with the chief justice is obligatory in the case of the appointment of a judge other than the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
  • – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 
iv. Evolution of Collegium System

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

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