Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
0/46
1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
0/67
1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
0/67
2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
0/66
5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
0/59
7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
0/41
10.2. Introduction to Maps
0/1
GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/36
5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/31
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/47
12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/33
GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
0/1
GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
0/151
GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
0/1
1. Motion & Measurements
0/46
9. Metals & Non-Metals
0/23
10. Energy
0/49
12. Plant Organisms
0/33
14. Life Processes
0/42
18. Biotechnology
0/88
19. Information Technology
0/59
20. Space Technology
0/64
National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A.1. Social Empowerment

  • Social empowerment is about cultivating autonomy and self-confidence, and acting together to transform social structures that perpetuate poverty and exclusion.
  • Individual empowerment is influenced by individual assets like land, house, and savings along with social factors like health and education. Also, concepts of choice, liberty, agency, capacity, contribution, self-sufficiency and increased resources are all crucial to societal empowerment.
  • Social empowerment has both individual and community aspects related to it. Individual factors like self-esteem. Self-confidence, imagination, and aspirations all influence social fulfilment. People’s collective assets and capabilities such as voice, organization, representation and identity also sway the social responsibility.
  • It is important that socially and economically backward classes of people get involved in local associations and inter-community cooperation mechanisms can contribute to social empowerment by improving their skills, knowledge, and self-perception.
  • One such example is the formation of farming cooperatives to empower the agrarian class. It helps to organize economic aid through cooperative banks or microfinance groups.
  • It is also important to understand that associational life at the local level takes place within the informal sphere, such as religious organizations, traditional and customary institutions, and informal community-based groups. Such groups have more reach into peoples’ lives.
  • The phrase social empowerment is also linked with gender equality. The role of women and women’s organizations is important in empowering women and building an inclusive society.
  • The human being is seen as a part of society, and change is considered impossible unless social structures related to political power are changed. Individual and structural transformation is closely associated with the individual’s inner life shapes, and social environment, and that environment, in turn, exerts a deep influence on one’s well-being.
  • The ability to recognize the root causes of inequality is decisive to the empowerment of populations to become agents of social transformation. Social empowerment leads to social transformation, and it involves the ability to identify the forces to recognize the drivers of social injustice and eliminate such practices.
  • To eliminate social injustices, the people need to form groups and raise their voices. And throughout history, many such groups have been formed which gave rise to multiple ideologies.

[Image: Areas of Social Women Empowerment]