Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A.7. What Should be Done?

Enhance surveillance

The government needs to invest in modern technology and equipment to improve surveillance along the border. This includes installing cameras, sensors, and drones to monitor the movement of people and goods across the border.

Strengthen law enforcement along borders

The government needs to provide more resources to border security forces and equip them with the necessary tools to effectively manage the border. This includes increasing the number of border patrols, providing them with better training, and giving them access to the latest technology.

Improve coordination

The government needs to improve coordination between different agencies involved in border management, including customs, immigration, and law enforcement agencies. This will help to reduce duplication of efforts and improve the overall effectiveness of border management.

Increase community engagement

Local communities living along the border need to be involved in border management efforts. This includes providing them with education and training to identify and report suspicious activities, as well as giving them a stake in the economic development of the border region.

Strengthen international cooperation

India needs to work closely with neighboring countries to improve cross-border coordination and intelligence sharing. This includes sharing information on terrorist activities, drug trafficking, and other criminal activities. India Bangladesh border has stabilised due to much better coordination between the BSF and BGB.

Improve infrastructure

India needs to invest in improving infrastructure along the border, including roads, bridges, and communication networks. This will help to facilitate the movement of goods and people across the border and improve the overall efficiency of border management.