Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A.8. Appointment of Prime Minister

The Prime Minister of India is appointed by the President through provisions under Article 84 and Article 75. Prime minister is the leader of the majority party or coalition of parties of Lok sabha. When a party achieves majority the leader of that party is called upon by the President to be the Prime Minister of the country. He is considered as the real head of the country. 

Constitutional Duties of Prime Minister

The constitution envisages the Prime Minister with certain rights and duties. The functions of the Prime Minister are as follows:

  • The Prime Minister proposes the names of the members to President for appointment as Ministers of the government;
  • Prime minister can reshuffle the Cabinet and decides for the distribution of charges of different ministries as well;
  • He presides over the meetings of the Cabinet and can also change the decisions taken by the Cabinet;
  • He suggests the President of India about the resignation or removal of any minister from the Cabinet;
  • He also directs and controls the functioning of Ministers in the Cabinet;
  • The Prime Minister may resign at any time and can even ask the President of India to dissolve the Cabinet.;
  • He can advise the President to dissolve entire Lok Sabha to conduct fresh elections;
  • The Cabinet stops functioning If the Prime Minister resigns from his post, and spontaneously dissolves after the death of the Prime Minister.

Rights and powers regarding Appointments:

Prime Minister can advise the President for the appointment of the following:

  • Comptroller and Auditor General of India;
  • Attorney General of India;
  • Advocate General of India;
  • Chairman and members of UPSC;
  • Selection of Election Commissioners;
  • Members and chairman of the Finance Commission.

Rights/Powers with regard to Parliament of India:

Prime Minister is the leader of the Lok sabha with rights to exercise the powers as follows:

  • The prime minister decides the foreign policy of the country.
  • He is the speaker of the Central Government.
  • He is the leader of the majority party or coalition of parties in the Parliament.
  • The Prime Minister is also is the chairman of various organizations including:
  • NITI Aayog;
  • National Development Council;
  • National Integration Council;
  • Inter-state Council;
  • National Water Resources Council.
  • He is also the head of the disaster management team during a political level emergency.
  • He is also the political head of all the forces.

Dismissal of a Minister

The minister of the Lok sabha can be removed from his post under the following conditions:

  • Upon the death of the minister;
  • Upon self resignation from the minister;
  • If the minister is dismissal by the President, for unconstitutional his acts as per Article 75(2);
  • Article 75 of the constitution states that the minister holds the office at the pleasure of the President;
  • Upon direction from the Court for committing the violation of any law;
  • If the minister loses the eligibility to be a member of Parliament.

Dismissal of the Cabinet

The Cabinet of Minister dissolves if:

  • The Prime Minister asks the President of India to dissolve the Cabinet;
  • The Prime Minister advises the President to dissolve entire Lok Sabha to conduct fresh elections;
  • If the Prime Minister resigns from his post;
  • The cabinet automatically dissolves after the death of the Prime Minister.