Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A. Globalisation In India Factors And Causes

[Image: Factors responsible for Globalisation]

The present era of globalisation is promoted and supported by several factors. A few of the factors which aid the process of globalisation are as follows:

Economic Reforms

In 1991, India initiated a series of economic reforms that aimed to liberalise and globalise various sectors of the economy. 

  • This included reducing trade barriers, deregulating industries, and opening up avenues for foreign investment.

Information Technology

India emerged as a global hub for information technology (IT) and software development. 

  • The country’s skilled workforce and proficiency in English made it an attractive destination for multinational companies looking to outsource their IT services.
  • This led to a significant influx of foreign capital and expertise into the country.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

India has actively sought foreign investment by easing restrictions on FDI in various sectors. 

  • This has encouraged multinational corporations to establish a presence in India, bringing in capital, technology, and managerial expertise.

World Trade Organization (WTO)

WTO lays out rules concerning global trade and sees that these principles are complied with.

Infrastructure Development

Investments in infrastructure, including ports, airports, and transportation networks, have enhanced India’s connectivity with the rest of the world.

Diverse Workforce

India’s diverse and skilled labour force has been a major asset in the Globalisation process. 

  • The country’s workforce is proficient in various industries, including IT, engineering, healthcare, and other service sectors, making it an attractive destination for global businesses.

Cultural Exchange and Soft Power

India’s rich cultural heritage, including its cinema, cuisine, yoga and traditions, has gained international popularity. 

  • This cultural exchange has helped foster global connections and create opportunities for Indian products and services in international markets.

Global Diaspora

The Indian diaspora spread across the globe has played a significant role in globalizing Indian businesses and culture. 

  • They have acted as cultural ambassadors, creating networks that facilitate trade, investment, and cultural exchange.