Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

A. India– Location

Location

  • Extends from Kashmir in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south and Arunachal Pradesh in the east to Gujarat in the west.
  • Latitudinal and Longitudinal extent of India, they are roughly about 30 degrees, whereas the actual distance measured from north to south extremity is 3,214 km, and that from east to west is only 2,933 km.
  • Distance between two longitudes decreases towards the poles whereas the distance between two latitudes remains the same everywhere.
  • Southern part of the country lies within the tropics and the northern part lies in the sub-tropical zone or the warm temperate zone.
  • From the values of longitude, it is quite discernible that there is a variation of nearly 30º, which causes a time difference of nearly two hours between the easternmost and the westernmost parts of our country
  • India‘s territorial limit further extends towards the sea upto 12 nautical miles (about 21.9 km) from the coast.

  • A general understanding among the countries of the world to select the standard meridian in multiples of 7°30′ of longitude.
  • That is why 82°30′ E has been selected as the standard meridian‘of India.
  • Indian Standard Time is ahead of Greenwich Mean Time by 5 hours and 30 minutes.
  • India with its area of 3.28 million sq. km accounts for 2.4% of the world‘s land surface area and stands as the seventh largest country in the world

SIZE 

Indian subcontinent

  • It includes the countries — Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and India.
  • The Himalayas, together with other ranges, have acted as a formidable physical barrier in the past.
  • Peninsular part of India extends towards the Indian Ocean.
  • Provided the country with a coastline of 6,100 km in the mainland and 7,517 km in the entire geographical coast of the mainland plus the island groups

India And Its Neighbours

  • India is located in the south-central part of the continent of Asia, bordering the Indian ocean and its two arms extending in the form of Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
  • This maritime location of Peninsular India has provided links to its neighbouring regions through the sea and air routes.
  • Sri Lanka and Maldives is the two island countries located in the Indian Ocean, which are our neighbors.
  • Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Strait