- Junagarh was a small state surrounded by Indian territory on all sides and Saurashtra coast.
- Nawab wanted to join Pakistan while population overwhelmingly Hindu desired to join India.
- Popular movement started forced Nawab to flee and established a provisional government.
- Plebiscite held in Feb 1948 voted overwhelmingly in side of India.
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- Indian troops march towards Goa on the night of 17 December, 1961.
- Governor General surrendered immediately and territorial and political integrated of India was completed.
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- Hyderabad state encouraged by Pak Nizam of Hyderabad started expanding his armed forces.
- Nizam tried to extend negotiations in hope that this would help in building army.
- Meanwhile communal Muslim organisation Ittihad ul Muslimin and its paramilitary wing, the Razakars grew rapidly.
- Due to atrocities many residents left and settled as refugees in Indian mainland.
- Government of India retained Nizam as formal ruler of the state or its Rajpramukh was given a privy purse and permitted to keep most of his wealth.
- 13 Sept. Indian Army moved and Nizam surrendered within 3 days.
- Then a powerful communist led movement started in Telangana.
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- Kashmir was a little complicated.
- Hari Singh, Maharaj of Kashmir tried to maintain the sovereignty of state with 75% population being Muslim.
- October 22, several pathan tribesmen led unofficially by Pakistani army officers invaded Kashmir.
- Within days Maharaja assigned instrument of accession to India.
- On 30 December, on Mountbatten’s suggestion to Nehru for referring the issue to UNSC nut it later revered as a gamble for Cold War with USA, UK lobbying for Pakistan demand.
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