5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
11. Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
12. Important Geophysical phenomena such as Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including Waterbodies and Ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
11. Development Processes and the Development Industry- the Role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders.
12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
Basic amenities and infrastructure of many government-run schools were improved through Rashtriya Madhyama, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, and Samagra Sikshana schemes of the Centre.
10 crore children are fed through the mid-day meal scheme every day, which increased their nutritional outcomes and reduced drop-out rates.
Cash assistance in the form of PM-KISAN will help low-income families to support their household income and attain self-sufficiency.
Government economic security programs such as food assistance, housing subsidies, and working-family tax credits — which bolster income, help families afford basic needs and keep millions of children above the poverty line.
There are also longer-term benefits: they help children to do better in school and increase their earning power in their adult years.
Economic security programs can blunt the negative effects of poverty and bring poor children closer to equal opportunity.
Health insurance schemes have been found to improve health outcomes at birth and extend longevity.
Economic security programs help low-paid or out-of-work families afford the goods and services a child may need to thrive — whether it be nutritious food, a safe home, neighbourhood and transportation.
Schemes like Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana can help girls acquire financial security and financial independence.
The government adequately tackled several diseases such as polio, malaria, and HIV when the target was well-publicized and clear.