Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

B.1. Status of Literacy Rates in India

Literacy is an important indicator of the development of a country, as it reflects the ability of the population to read and write, and to access information. In India, the literacy rate has improved significantly in recent years, but there are still significant disparities within the country. 

Here are some key points on the status of literacy in India:

Overall literacy rate

According to data from the World Bank, the overall literacy rate in India is around 74%. This represents a significant improvement from the literacy rate of just over 60% in the early 1990s. However, the literacy rate varies significantly by region and socio-economic group, with some groups having much lower literacy rates.

Gender disparities

There are also significant gender disparities in literacy in India. According to data from the World Bank, the literacy rate for males in India is around 82%, while the literacy rate for females is around 65%. This gap in literacy rates between males and females has been decreasing over time, but it remains a significant issue.

Rural-urban disparities

Another issue is the disparities in literacy rates between rural and urban areas. According to data from the World Bank, the literacy rate in urban areas in India is around 85%, while the literacy rate in rural areas is around 69%. This gap in literacy rates between urban and rural areas has also been decreasing over time, but it remains a significant issue.

Disparities by socio-economic group

There are also significant disparities in literacy rates between different socio-economic groups in India. According to data from the World Bank, the literacy rate for the highest socio-economic quintile (top 20% of the population) in India is around 91%, while the literacy rate for the lowest socio-economic quintile (bottom 20% of the population) is around 49%. This gap in literacy rates between different socio-economic groups has also been decreasing over time, but it remains a significant issue.

Efforts to improve literacy

The government of India has implemented some initiatives to improve literacy in the country. These include the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, a program launched in 2001 to universalize access to education, and the National Literacy Mission, a program launched in 1988 to promote literacy and adult education.

While the literacy rate in India has improved significantly in recent years, there are still significant disparities within the country, particularly concerning gender, location, and socio-economic status. Efforts to improve literacy, such as those undertaken by the government of India, are important in addressing these disparities and in promoting the development