Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

B.7. Challenges

[Image: Challenges in Organized Crimes]

  • India has no legal framework to punish organized crimes in  India,  some of the states have but that is not sufficient enough.
  • The existing general conspiracy laws and Act are inadequate as it targets individual only, we don’t have laws for criminal groups.
  • It is very difficult to find proof, that organized crime groups are structured hierarchically,  it is not possible to have the actual perpetrators, and there is no legal backing for witnesses, as there is no law for the protection of witnesses against these organized gangs.
  • The witness doesn’t provide the actual details of the incident, there is a lack of details and training for the police officers to catch hold of these gangs we have a lack of staff in the police stations.
  • We have a poor criminal justice system, and most of the states don’t have enough resources to fund the agencies, there is no power agency for the investigation of organized crimes.
  • Moreover, India doesn’t have any national-level organization to coordinate the work of the state, city police as well as central executive agencies, there is also no agency to gather,  accumulate, or investigate,  documents related to organized crimes, and lack of exchange of information, followed by lack of corporate framework, there is problems of coordination between the central and the state government or between states, viewpoint clashes, etc.