C.2. Structure Of The Atmosphere
[Image: Structure of Atmosphere]
The structure of the atmosphere is as follows
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TROPOSPHERE |
The lowest layer of the atmosphere is known as the troposphere. It has an average height of about 13 km, extending approximately 8 km near the poles and reaching up to 18 km at the equator. This layer is vital for all forms of biological activity, as it contains the air we breathe and where most weather phenomena occur. |
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STRATOSPHERE |
Above the troposphere lies the stratosphere, which extends up to 50 km in altitude. This layer holds a high concentration of ozone (O₃), which plays a crucial role in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation. Since weather events do not occur in the stratosphere and air movement is mostly horizontal, it is considered ideal for aircraft navigation. |
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MESOSPHERE |
The mesosphere is the third layer, situated above the stratosphere, and it extends to about 80 km above the Earth’s surface. |
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THERMOSPHERE |
The ionosphere is located between 80 to 400 km above the mesopause. Radio waves transmitted from the earth are reflected back to the earth by this layer and due to this, radio broadcasting has become possible. The temperature here starts increasing with height. The uppermost layer of the atmosphere is called the Exosphere. |