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1. Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction System (COMAPS)
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- Launched in 1991, this program evaluates the condition of coastal waters and supports the management of pollution-related challenges.
- In 2000–2001, it underwent a comprehensive restructuring to expand its scope, now encompassing pollution monitoring, coordination with regulatory bodies, legal frameworks, and consultancy services.
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2. Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ)
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- Initiated in 1995, this program focuses on examining the impact of global environmental changes on coastal zones.
- Aims to develop, on a scientific basis, the integrated management of coastal environments.
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3. Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM)
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- Launched in 1998 Aims at integrated management of coastal and marine areas.
- Model plans for Chennai, Goa and Gulf of Kutch being prepared.
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4. Society of Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM)
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- Launched in 2010, Major national initiative to protect coastal ecosystems.
- A professional body with experts in various aspects of coastal science and management.
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5. Institutions for Coastal Management
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- The Notification on Coastal Regulation Zone(CRZ), 1991 (as amended from time to time) aims at protecting coastal stretches in India.
- India has created institutional mechanisms such as National Coastal Zone Management Authority (NCZMA) and State Coastal Zone Management Authority (SCZMA) for enforcement and monitoring of the CRZ Notification.
- These authorities have been delegated powers under Section 5 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 to take various measures for protecting and improving the quality-of the coastal environment and preventing, abating and controlling environmental pollution in coastal areas.
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