Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

E.1. Land Use Categories

1. Forests

The area defined as actual forest cover differs from the area classified as forest. The latter refers to land identified and demarcated by the government for forest growth, as reflected in land revenue records.

2. Land put to Non-agricultural Uses: 

Land used for settlements (both rural and urban), infrastructure (roads, canals, etc.), industries, and shops is categorized separately.

3. Barren and Waste lands: 

Additionally, land classified as wasteland—such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, or ravines—typically cannot be used for cultivation with the current available technology.

4. Area under Permanent Pastures and Grazing Lands: 

Most of this type land is owned by the village „ Panchayat or the Government. Only a small proportion of this land is privately owned. The land owned by the village panchayat comes under „Common Property Resources?.

5. Area under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves(Not included is Net sown Area) 

The land under orchards and fruit trees are included in this category. Much of this land is privately owned.

6. Culturable Waste-Land: 

Any land which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is included in this category. It can be brought under cultivation after improving it through reclamation practices.

7. Current Fallow

This is the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year.

Following is a cultural practice adopted for giving the land rest. The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.

8. Fallow other than Current Fallow

This is also a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years. If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorised as culturable wasteland.

9. Net Area Sown

The physical extent of land on which crops are sown and harvested is known as net sown area.