Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
0/46
1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
0/67
1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
0/67
2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
0/66
5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
0/59
7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
0/41
10.2. Introduction to Maps
0/1
GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/36
5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/31
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/47
12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/33
GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
0/1
GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
0/151
GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
0/1
1. Motion & Measurements
0/46
9. Metals & Non-Metals
0/23
10. Energy
0/49
12. Plant Organisms
0/33
14. Life Processes
0/42
18. Biotechnology
0/88
19. Information Technology
0/59
20. Space Technology
0/64
National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

E. Oceanography

Oceanography is a scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of the world’s oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical properties, their origin and geologic framework, and the life forms that inhabit the marine environment.

In Oceanography, we learn about Hydrological cycles, Currents, waves, tides, marine life such as coral life, major and minor relief features, etc.

Ocean Currents :

Ocean currents are large, continuous movements of seawater that flow through the world’s oceans. They are driven by factors such as wind, the Earth’s rotation, temperature differences, and salinity levels. Notably, ocean currents play a critical role in regulating Earth’s climate by transporting heat around the globe.

Types are given below –

[Image: Deep water current: Downwelling]

[Image: Deep water current: Upwelling]