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Specialisation of Skills/Methods of Production
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- Under the craft method factories produce only a few pieces which are made-to-order.
- So the costs are high.
- On the other hand, mass production involves production of large quantities of standardised parts by each worker performing only one task repeatedly.
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Mechanisation
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- Mechanisation refers to using gadgets which accomplish tasks.
- Automation (without aid of human thinking during the manufacturing process) is the advanced stage of mechanisation. Automatic factories with feedback and closed- loop computer control systems where machines are developed to think‘, have sprung up all over the world.
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Technological Innovation
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- Technological innovations through research and development strategy are an important aspect of modern manufacturing for quality control, eliminating waste and inefficiency, and combating pollution.
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Why do Large-scale Industries choose different locations?
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Industries maximise profits by reducing costs. Therefore, industries should be located at points where the production costs are minimum. Some of the factors influencing industrial locations are as under:
- Access to Market
- Access to Raw Material
- Access to Labour Supply
- Access to Sources of Energy
- Access to Transportation and Communication Facilities
- Communication is also an important need for industries for the exchange and management of information.
- Government Policy
- Access to Agglomeration Economies/ Links between Industries
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Foot Loose Industries
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- Can be located in a wide variety of places.
- They are not dependent on any specific raw material, weight losing or otherwise.
- They largely depend on component parts which can be obtained anywhere.
- They produce in small quantity and also employ a small labour force.
- These are generally not polluting industries.
- The important factor in their location is accessibility by road network.
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