Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]
i. Key Technologies In The Field Of Robotics

Sensors

Sensors are devices that are used to detect and measure various physical quantities, such as position, temperature, and pressure. Sensors are an important component of robots, as they allow the robots to gather information about their environment and make decisions based on that information.

Actuators

Actuators are devices that are used to move or control the movement of other devices or systems. In robotics, actuators are used to control the movement of the robot’s joints or limbs.

Control systems

Control systems are used to control the behavior of a system or device. In robotics, control systems are used to coordinate the actions of the robot’s sensors and actuators in order to achieve the desired result.

Artificial intelligence (AI)

AI is a branch of computer science that involves the development of algorithms and systems that are capable of learning and making decisions based on data. AI is an important component of many robots, as it allows the robots to adapt to their environment and perform tasks that are too complex for a simple set of instructions.

Machine learning

Machine learning is a subfield of AI that involves the development of algorithms and systems that can learn from data and improve their performance over time. Machine learning is often used in robotics to enable the robot to learn from its experiences and improve its performance on tasks.