i. Supreme Court – Historical Background
- The Regulating Act of 1773 marked the beginning of judicial reforms in India. It established a Supreme Court in Calcutta, primarily to oversee the administration of justice in the Bengal Presidency.
- The India High Courts Act of 1861 established High Courts in different provinces and eliminated the Supreme Courts in Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, as well as the Sadar Adalats in Presidency towns.
- Federal Court of India was established in India in 1937 under the provisions of the Government of India Act 1935, with original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction.
- Supreme Court of India succeeded the Federal Court under the Government of India Act 1935.
- After its inauguration on January 28, 1950, the Supreme Court commenced its sittings in a part of the Parliament House. The Court moved into the present building in 1958.
