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Decoding Acid and Base: Universal Indicators
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- Use of Indicators: To judge how strong a given acid and base is, we use a universal indicator, which is a mixture of several indicators.
- Colour Differentiation: The universal indicator of acid and base shows different colours at different concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution.
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Exploring the pH Scale: Acid and Base Evaluation
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- It is a scale for measuring hydrogen ion concentration in a solution, called pH scale.
- The p in pH stands for ‘potenz’ in German, meaning power.
- Scale Measurement: The pH scale can measure the acidity, ranging generally from 0 (indicating very acidic) to 14 (indicating very alkaline), providing a comprehensive assessment of acid and base levels in a solution.
- Higher the hydronium ion concentration, lower is the pH value.
- The pH of a neutral solution is 7 whereas values less than 7 on the pH scale represent an acidic solution.
- As the pH value increases from 7 to 14, it signifies a rise in OH– ion concentration in the solution, indicating an escalation in the strength of base, emphasizing the fundamental relationship between pH levels and the varying strengths of acid and base in the solution.
- Measurement: Generally paper impregnated with the universal indicator is used for measuring pH of acid and base.
- Strength: Acids that yield a higher concentration of H+ ions are categorized as strong acids, while those producing fewer H+ ions fall under the classification of weak acids, exemplifying the diverse characteristics between acid and base strengths.
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