ii. Diseases Caused By Microorganisms

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ii. Diseases Caused By Microorganisms

About	Infectious diseases can infiltrate the body and be brought on by a few dangerous microorganisms. They can contaminate food, leather, and textiles. They are to blame for illnesses like the flu, measles, chicken pox, TB, and others. Additionally, there is evidence from scientific studies that suggests microbes may be involved in several chronic, non-infectious diseases, including some types of cancer and coronary heart disease. Infections are the result of pathogen infiltration and growth inside a person. The condition is referred to as a disease when the infection negatively affects the person’s bodily processes. Microorganisms need to get into our bodies to create an infection. The portal of entry is the location where these penetrate the body. The skin, urogenital system, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract can all serve as entry points. When an individual with common cold sneezes or coughs, hundreds of virus-laden droplets are released into the atmosphere. While breathing, these viruses can spread to a fit person’s body and infect them. A house fly is an illustration of an animal that acts as a pathogen carrier. Pathogens adhere to the bodies of the flies when they rest on the garbage and animal excrement. Following that, these flies come into touch with exposed food and spread the pathogens there, contaminating the food. A person may contract an illness if they consume contaminated food. The female Anopheles mosquito is another illustration of a transmitter. It transmits Plasmodium, the parasite that causes malaria. The dengue virus is also carried by the female Aedes insect.
Diseases caused by bacteria	Prokaryotes, tiny one-celled organisms that thrive in a variety of habitats, are what bacteria are. They can exist in the bowels of humans, in the water, and inside the soil. They can be distinguished from one another based on their structure, the composition of their cell walls, and genetic variations. Binary fission is a mechanism used by bacteria to reproduce. Not all microbes are dangerous. Only a small minority of them can spread illness. A person becomes infected by bacteria when their body begins to produce poisons. Antibiotics can be used to eliminate these germs. The primary causes of bacterial infections are contaminated food and water. Most bacterial illnesses are contagious.
Diseases caused by fungi	Fungi develop on the bodies in moist and humid areas. It is responsible for causing diseases such as ringworm and athlete’s foot.
Diseases caused by viruses	Only the living cells of other animals can support the virus‘s tiny infectious agent replication. These are different and can only be spread by biological vectors. They can also affect plants, animals, and microorganisms. It consists of a capsid, a protein casing, and a DNA or RNA genome. Some viruses are protected by an interior or external membrane. Enzymes needed for the generation of energy are missing. They can only be seen under an artificial microscope because they are so tiny. If they infiltrate someone, they take over that person’s entire cellular structure. Using medicines won’t be able to kill viruses. Viral diseases are contagious and typically propagate through the air and direct contact.
Diseases caused by protozoa	The Protozoa are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic creatures that eat other organisms as well as bacteria as food. Protozoal diseases can be fatal and extremely risky. An illustration of a protozoa genus is an amoeba. It might result in amoebic diarrhoea. Malaria and sleeping sickness are both illnesses that are brought on by protozoa.
Zoonotic Microorganism Diseases	Rudolf Virchow coined the term “zoonosis” (plural: zoonoses) in 1880 to refer to all diseases that affect both humans and creatures in nature. Zoonoses are those illnesses and infections that are naturally spread between vertebrate animals and people, according to a 1959 definition provided by the WHO. Zoonotic diseases are illnesses that can spread from wildlife to people. Zoonotic illnesses can be brought on by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Examples: Chikungunya, Malaria, Yellow Fever, Zika Virus Disease, Dengue Fever, Ebola, Hepatitis E, Rabies, Japanese Encephalitis, Filariasis, Lyme disease, Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, Ringworm, Swine flu, also known as H1N1 virus – caused by type A influenza virus and West Nile virus – causes a viral infection that is typically spread by mosquitoes and can cause neurological disease as well as death.