iv.5. Functional Diversity in Carbon and its Compounds: Exploring Hydroxyl, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxyl, and Halogen Groups
- Hydroxyl Group (-OH): All organic compounds containing -OH group are known as alcohols. For example, Methanol (CH3OH), Ethanol (CH3−CH2−OH), etc.
- Aldehyde Group (-CHO): All organic compounds containing -CHO group are known as aldehydes. For example, Methanal (HCHO), Ethanal (CH3CHO), etc.
- Ketone Group (-C=O): All organic compounds containing (-C=O) groups flanked by two alkyl groups are known as ketones.
- Example: Propanone (CH3COCH3), Butanone (CH3COCH2CH3), etc.
- Carboxyl Group (-COOH): All organic acids contain a carboxyl group (-COOH). Hence, they are also called carboxylic acids. For example, Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), Propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH), etc.
Nomenclature of organic compound
- Halogen Group (F, CI, Br, I): The alkanes in which one or more than one hydrogen atom is substituted by- X (F, CI, Br or I) are known as haloalkanes.
- Example: Chloromethane (CH3Cl), Bromomethane (CH3Br), etc.
- Carbon and its compounds exhibit a rich diversity of functional groups, each imparting distinct properties to the organic molecules they form. From the hydroxyl group (-OH) in alcohols to the carbonyl groups in aldehydes and ketones, the carboxyl group in carboxylic acids, and the halogen group (F, Cl, Br, I) in haloalkanes, the intricate combinations showcase the versatility of carbon in creating an array of compounds with varied applications.