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- The Colonization of Africa: During the 19th-20th century, the African continent was colonized mainly by European powers like Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and Russia.
- Colonialism reached its logical conclusion with the rise of new industrial powers in Europe – Germany, and Italy. This led to a competition for accruing larger and larger empires that meant more power and prestige to these countries.
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This was most pronounced in the tragic event of Scramble for Africa.
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- This happened during the period of New Imperialism (1881-1914). The increasing rivalry between European powers – Britain, France, Germany, etc – meant that they needed more and more markets and sources for cheap raw materials.
- The starting point of the Scramble for Africa was the Berlin Conference in 1884. The conference regulated European colonization and trade in Africa.
- The settlement was reached at the Berlin Conference of 1884. In 1870, less than 10% of African territory was under European control. By 1914, it had increased to almost 90%! This is known as the scramble of Africa.
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