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Hydropower
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- North America: Great Lake Region, Niagara Falls, British Columbia region, the Appalachian region, North-West region of the USA, Niagara.
- Europe: Norway, Sweden, France(Central Massif and Pyrenees Alps), Russia( Dnieper Combine Scheme on Dnieper River, Kuybyshev dams on Volga River, Krasnoyarsk on Yenisei River, Kama Project on Volga River).
- Africa: Kariba Dam on the Zambezi, Owen project in Uganda, Aswan Dam in Egypt, Sennar Dam in Sudan, Kafui Dam in Zambia.
- Australia: New South Wales and Victoria.
Asia:
- China: The Yangtze Kiang, Sinkiang, and Hwang Ho rivers are where the majority of China’s hydropower projects are situated. Example Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River.
- India: Damodar Valley Project(Bihar & W. Bengal), Bhakra-Nangal Project(Punjab), Hirakud Project (Orissa), Nagarjuna Sagar Project(Tamil Nadu), Mettur Project(Tamil Nadu), Idukki Project(Kerala).
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Wind Energy
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Wind energy is a pollution-free, inexhaustible source of energy. Through the use of turbines, wind energy’s kinetic energy is transformed into electrical energy. Trade winds, westerlies, and seasonal wind patterns like the monsoon have all been employed as energy sources.
- North America: USA( Iowa, Texas, California, Oklahoma, etc.), Canada(Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, etc.).
- South America: Brazil(Piauí), Chile(Antofagasta), Uruguay( Tacuarembó, Maldonado).
- Europe: Germany(126,000 GWh), United Kingdom(63,468GWh), Spain(54,212 GWh), France(34,100 GWh), Italy(20,200 GWh), Sweden(19,902 GWh) etc are the leading producers of wind energy.
- Africa: South Africa( Chaba, Coega, Darling, etc. wind farms), Morocco(Tarfaya Wind Farm), Egypt(West Bakr Wind Project, Ras Ghareb Wind Farm), etc.
- Australia: Wind farms of Victoria and New South Wales.
- India: Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka have favorable conditions for wind energy generation.
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Solar Power
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In 2021, solar PV generation surpassed 1000 TWh and rose by a record 179 TWh (up 22%). Of all renewable technologies, it showed the second-largest absolute generation growth in 2021, right behind wind.
In most of the world, solar PV is quickly becoming the most affordable alternative for new power generation, which is anticipated to spur investment in the years to come.
World distribution of Solar Power:
- North America: Canada – Ontario(Arnprior, Belmont), Alberta(BUR1 Burdett, Coaldale); USA – California(MaCoy,Solar star I & II), Arizona(Solana), Nevada(El Dorado).
- South America: Brazil(Usina São Gonçalo in Piauí, Pirapora solar complex in Minas Gerais), Argentina ( Cauchari in Jujuy, Altiplano I in Salta), Uruguay( La Jacinta Solar Power Project in Salto), etc.
- Europe: Germany(Doellen, Lake Hainer in Leipzig), Austria(Burgenland- Nickelsdorf solar park ), Tagus solar complex in the town of Alcantara, Spain, UK(Sutton Bridge Solar Farm).
- Africa: South Africa(De Aar, Prieska), Algeria(Adrar, Souk-Ahras), Egypt(Siwa), Kenya(Changi Tea Farm).
- Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland.
- Asia: China(Qinghai, Zhongwei, Ningxia, Xinjiang), Egypt(Aswan), UAE(Sweihan), Vietnam(Dau Tieng Solar Power Project), Saudi(Sakaka PV IPP
- India: India was the second-largest market in Asia for new solar PV capacity and third globally (13 GW of additions in 2021). It ranked fourth for total installations (60.4 GW), overtaking Germany (59.2 GW) for the first time. Bhadla Solar Park(Rajasthan), Pavagada Solar Park(Karnataka), NP Kunta and Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park(Andhra Pradesh), and Rewa Ultra Mega Solar(MP), etc are some of the solar parks in India.
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