Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

J. Finance Commission

Article 280 of the Indian Constitution mandates that a Finance Commission be constituted every five years by the President of India.

Powers

The Commission has the authority to operate within its jurisdiction, including the power to summon witnesses and request public documents from any court or office.

Functions and Responsibilities

  • One of the primary functions of the Commission is to recommend the distribution of tax proceeds between the Central and State Governments.
  • Grants and aid provided by the Centre to the State Governments from the Consolidated Fund of India.
  • Taking appropriate steps to increase the Consolidated Fund of the States.
  • Providing financial advice to the President.
  • The Finance Commission submits its financial report to the President.
  • According to Article 280 of the Indian Constitution, the President of India creates the Finance Commissions regularly to establish the financial ties between the national government of India and the various state governments.
  • The commission, which has a chairperson and four additional members, is established under the constitution and appointed every five years.
  • A finance committee chooses its chairman from among those having a background in public affairs. The remaining four members are chosen from among those who:
  • Are, or have been, or are qualified to serve as judges of a high court; 
  • have an accounting or financial understanding of the government;
  • have experience in administration and finance; 
  • or have specialized economic knowledge.
  • Now the 15th Finance Commission has been appointed. Nand Kishore Singh was appointed to serve as the chairman of the commission.