Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

M.2. Wildlife Protection Act 1972

Wildlife Protection in India

  • In 1972, inspired by the global momentum from the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, India became one of the first nations to embed environmental protection within its Constitution. Today, June 5th is globally observed as World Environment Day in recognition of that legacy.

Constitutional Provisions

  • Article 48-A places a responsibility on the State to protect and enhance the environment, as well as conserve forests and wildlife.
  • Article 51-A(g) entrusts every citizen with the fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment, which includes safeguarding forests, rivers, lakes, and wildlife.

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

  • Enacted in 1972, this Act marked a milestone, addressing wildlife protection despite it being a State subject.
  • Adopted by all states except Jammu and Kashmir, the Act is mandatory in Union Territories.
  • Amended in 1982, 1986, 1991, and 1993, it establishes the framework for wildlife protection and management.

Salient Features

  • Originating in 1887, the Act covers protection for wild

Protected Areas (PA)

  • The adoption of a National Policy for Wildlife Conservation in 1970 and the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972 lead to a significant growth in the protected areas
  • Geographical Area of India = 32,87,263 km2
    Forest cover of India (FSI, 2015) = 7,01,673 km2
    Percentage Area under Forest cover = 21.34 % of Geographical Area of India