Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

N.11. Sea Turtle Project

About

Each winter, a large portion of the global Olive Ridley Turtle population migrates to India’s coastal waters, particularly along the eastern coastline, to nest. To protect these turtles and other threatened marine species, the Ministry of Environment & Forests launched the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in partnership with UNDP in November 1999. Managed by the Wildlife Institute of India, this initiative targets 10 coastal states, with a specific focus on the state of Orissa.

Project Objectives

  1. Creating an Inventory of Breeding Sites: Developing a detailed map to identify the key breeding locations of sea turtles.
  2. Identifying Nesting and Breeding Habitats: Recognizing the crucial nesting and breeding areas along the coastlines.
  3. Mapping Migratory Routes: Understanding the migratory routes taken by Sea Turtles.
  4. Guidelines for Safeguarding and Minimizing Turtle Mortality: Development of guidelines to safeguard and minimize turtle mortality.
  5. National and International Collaboration: Facilitating national and international cooperative efforts for Sea Turtle Conservation.
  6. Guideline Plans for Tourism in Turtle Areas: Developing guideline plans for responsible tourism in areas frequented by Sea Turtles.
  7. Infrastructure and Human Resources Development: Developing infrastructure and human resources for the conservation of Sea Turtles.

Key Achievements

One noteworthy achievement includes the demonstration of Satellite Telemetry to locate the migratory route of Olive Ridley Turtles in the sea. Additionally, efforts have been made to raise awareness among fishermen and state governments about the use of Turtle Exclusion Devices (TED) in fishing trawlers to reduce turtle mortality in fishing nets.