Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

O.2. Global Warming

About

  • Over the past century, Earth has undergone an extraordinary warming trend, which has accelerated significantly in the last two decades. Since 1992, every year has ranked among the hottest on record, with 2016 being the warmest year globally. This rise in temperatures is linked to an increase in extreme weather events such as wildfires, heatwaves, and severe tropical storms. 
  • Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth’s surface and troposphere temperatures, resulting in significant shifts in climate patterns worldwide. While natural factors play a role, the primary driver is the surge in greenhouse gas emissions due to human activities.

Global Warming – Impacts

  • Rise in Sea Level:
  • Changes in Rainfall Patterns:
  • Increased Likelihood of Extreme Events: Such as heatwaves, flooding, hurricanes, etc.
  • Melting of the Ice Caps:
  • Melting of Glaciers:
  • Widespread Vanishing of Animal Populations: Due to habitat loss.
  • Spread of Disease: Such as malaria, etc.
  • Bleaching of Coral Reefs:
  • Loss of Plankton: Due to warming of seas.