Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

T.8. Cop 15 Copenhagen Summit

  • The absence of a legally binding agreement at CoP 15 in Copenhagen resulted primarily from disagreements between developed and developing nations.
  • The summit concluded with CoP acknowledging the Copenhagen Accord, a non-binding agreement involving Basic nations and the US.
  • The Copenhagen Accord emphasizes the necessity for significant international emissions reductions to limit the global temperature increase to below two degrees Celsius.
  • Under the Accord, developed nations commit to setting targets for reducing their greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.
  • Developing countries agree to pursue nationally appropriate mitigation strategies to curb emission growth but are not obligated to reduce their carbon output.
  • Recognizes the need to establish a mechanism, including REDD-plus, to facilitate the mobilization of financial resources from developed countries to support these efforts.
  • Encourages incentives for low-emitting economies in developing countries to continue on a low-emission development path.

Agrees that developed countries will raise $30 billion from 2010-2012 in new and additional resources, with a “goal” for the world to raise $100 billion per year by 2020. New multilateral funding for adaptation will be included.