Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]
v. Gram Nyayalaya

Unquestionably, the idea of a contemporary, democratic, and constitutional India revolves around equality and justice. By conducting its job of administering justice, the State machinery carries out the values of equality and fairness. Systemic issues with India’s judicial system include corruption, holdups, pendency, rising prices, a lack of adequate legal aid, and a shortage of judges and attorneys with the necessary training.

  • To address these issues, the Law Ministry established Gram Nyayalays in 2009 to give the underprivileged living in villages a low-cost venue to resolve legal disputes. The Gram Nyayalayas Act of 2008 created it.
  • This Act perpetuates the phenomenon of two distinct groups of Indians: the wealthy urban citizen who can afford and access the courts, and the less connected rural citizen who has access to forums that are primarily focused on resolving their claims without the application of crucial procedural safeguards such as attorneys, appeals, protections for procedural rights, and evidentiary requirements.
  • Gram Nyayalayas are mobile village courts that were created in India to provide quick and simple access to the legal system in the country’s rural areas.
  • They are designed to bring affordable justice to rural residents at their doorsteps.
  • The Act went into effect on October 2, 2009, Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday. (The symbols Gram, Nyay, and Aalya represent the village, justice, and house, respectively.)