v. Indo-Islamic Architecture

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v. Indo-Islamic Architecture

Indian architecture between 1206 and 1761 CE saw a harmonious fusion of native and foreign influences, particularly under Muslim patronage.

Evolution of Indo-Islamic Architecture

Indo-Islamic architecture is categorized into three phases:

The Delhi or Imperial Style (1200–1500 AD), which emerged under dynasties such as the Slave, Khilji, Tughluq, and Lodi, marked the early development of Indo-Islamic architecture. This style was characterized by the use of arches, domes, and the introduction of Islamic motifs into the traditional Indian design.
The Provincial Style, practiced by independent Subedars, was region-specific and often incorporated local architectural traditions with Islamic elements, leading to unique regional variations in design.
The Mughal Style represents the zenith of Indo-Islamic architecture, developed by the Mughal emperors. It fused Persian, Timurid, and Indian architectural traditions, known for its grand scale, intricate decoration, and use of gardens, water features, and symmetrical layouts, epitomized by masterpieces like the Taj Mahal.

Stylish Evolution of Architecture
About	Indo-Islamic architecture began with the Turks’ occupation of Delhi in 1192 AD. Qutbuddin Aibak captured Lal Kot and constructed a Jami Masjid (1198). Other structures like Qutab Minar (1199-1235), Arhai Din Ka Jhoupra (c. 1200), and Iltutmish’s tomb (1233-4) showcase Islamic details in decoration.
Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320 AD) introduced Seljuk architecture.	Red sandstone was commonly used, seen in structures like Alai Darwaja and Siri Fort. ‘Lotus-bud’ fringe under arches, a Seljuk feature, appeared.
Tughluq Dynasty saw a new architectural style.	Stone rubble as the main building material with plastered walls. Battered walls and bastions, particularly noticeable at the corners. An experimental use of the four-centered arch, often reinforced with a supporting beam. Introduction of pointed domes with a distinct neck, in contrast to the previous style’s more subdued domes.
Lodhi Dynasty witnessed the development of double domes.	Multiple domes strengthened structures and reduced inner dome height. Graves were austere, lacking ornate decoration. Sikandar Lodi founded Agra and Lodi Gardens.
Provincial Style
Features	They developed buildings in this style of architecture, which persisted for 250 years, using locally available materials and fusing regional designs with conventional Muslim characteristics like domes, arches, minarets, and mihrabs. They initially constructed on the remains of Hindu and Jain temples before creating their own architectural style.
Mughal Style
Features	The Mughal style was a thriving architectural movement in India from the middle of the 16th century until the early 17th century. It is a distinctive fusion of Turkish, Persian, and Indo-Islamic design. The structures were excellent, strikingly symmetrical in form, homogeneous in pattern, and ornately decorated.