Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
0/46
1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
0/67
1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
0/67
2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
0/66
5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
0/59
7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
0/41
10.2. Introduction to Maps
0/1
GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/36
5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/31
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/47
12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
0/33
GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
0/1
GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
0/151
GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
0/1
1. Motion & Measurements
0/46
9. Metals & Non-Metals
0/23
10. Energy
0/49
12. Plant Organisms
0/33
14. Life Processes
0/42
18. Biotechnology
0/88
19. Information Technology
0/59
20. Space Technology
0/64
National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]
vi. Sikh Reform Movements

Nirankari Movement

  • Baba Dayal Das established the Nirankari Movement in the 1840s. He preached against Hindu ceremonies practiced by some Sikhs, condemning idol worship and rituals. Emphasizing the worship of God as Nirankari (formless), he urged disciples to follow the Shabad (preaching) of the Guru, serve their parents, and abstain from bad habits.

Singh Sabha

  • Founded in 1875 in Amritsar under the guidance of Thakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh, the Singh Sabha aimed to bring the benefits of Western enlightenment to the Sikh community through Western education.
  • Missionaries, who were both extensive and steeped in history, sought to counter Christian influence on the Sikh community. Their mission aimed to rejuvenate the community through the publication of religious texts and books and the propagation of knowledge. As part of their efforts, the Sabha established Khalsa schools and colleges.

Akali Movement

  • Before 1920, Sikh Gurdwaras were under the control of mahants who treated offerings and other Gurdwara income as their earnings.
  • The British government supported these mahants as a counterbalance to the growing nationalism among Sikhs. 
  • Tensions escalated to the point where the priest of the Golden Temple issued a hukamnama (injunction) against Ghadarites, labeling them as responsible for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and awarding them a saropa.
  • Under mounting pressure, the Gurdwaras were under the control of the elected Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee in November 1920.
  • This movement evolved into the Akali movement, eventually splitting into three factions: moderate nationalist reformers, pro-government loyalists, and the political arm of Sikh communalism.

Namdhari Movement

  • Founded by Babe Ram Singh (1816-1885) in 1857, the Namdhari Movement was inspired by Balak Singh of the Kuka movement, whom Ram Singh had joined in 1841. 
  • The movement adopted rituals modeled after Guru Gobind Singh’s establishment of the Khalsa, emphasizing the wearing of the five symbols but substituting a stick for a sword.
  • Abandoning practices such as worshiping gods, idols, tombs, trees, and snakes, and refraining from vices like drinking, stealing, falsehood, slandering, and backbiting were central tenets of the reform movement.