Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

vii. Artillery Weapon System of India

Significance

  • In the aftermath of the Kargil War of 1999 India announced its Artillery Rationalisation Programme
  • India has a 2-front porous border of 7000-odd kms and 4000-odd kms with China and Pakistan respectively.
  • The operational requirement to fight a 2-front war is 3000-odd artillery guns in addition to aerial weapons, precision-guided weapons, multi-barrel rocket launches etc.
  • The categories of artillery systems include
  • Long-range guns of towed variety
  • Self-propelled guns mounted on a high-mobility vehicle (K9 Vajra)
  • Light howitzers for difficult mountainous terrains. (M777 howitzers)

Dhanush

  • 1st indigenously produced long-range artillery gun.
  • The 155mm 45 caliber long-range artillery gun
  • 2 varieties
  • Towed-variety
  • Self-propelled mounted gun system variety
  • 6-round magazine.
  • Capable of firing 60 rounds in 60 minutes.
  • Maximum firing range of 38 km in the plain areas

K9 Vajra T Guns

  • South Korean long-range artillery gun in the self-propelled mounted gun category.
  • It has a range of 28-38 km.
  • 155-mm, 52-calibre
  • 1st ever-artillery gun that will be manufactured by private sector in India with L & T India manufacturing 90 of them.
  • Capable of ‘burst firing’ meaning which it can fire 3 rounds in 30 seconds

M777 Ultra Light Howitzers

  • 155-mm, 39-calibre towed medium artillery gun.
  • Maximum range of 30 km.
  • Light artillery guns with a weight of 4 tonnes
  • Capable of being air lifted by Chinook helicopters.
  • Thus M777 can be deployed in mountainous terrains devoid of roads & tracks.

Sharang

  • Indigenous Artillery Gun
  • 155 mm
  • Range:  Increased from 12 km to 39 km 

Advanced Towed Artillery Gun System

  • 155mm, 52-calibre gun-howitzer.
  • It is capable of firing at both low angle like a gun and high angle like a howitzer
  • Range: 45 Km
  • World’s only gun with a six-round automated magazine.
  • High “burst fire” capability in that it can fire six-round burst in just 30 seconds.
  • Other features
    • all-electric drive
    • high mobility
    • quick deployability
    • auxiliary power mode
    • Automated command and control system
  • India’s Artillery Combat Command and Control System is named ‘Shakti’