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UPSC Notes Samples
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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GS3
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
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1. Environment
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GS4
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GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

viii. Infantry Weapon System of India

About

  • The infantry weapon system constitutes
    • Assault rifles
    • Carbines
    • Light Machine Guns
  • India is trying to modernize its infantry weapon system which includes acquisition of 7 lakh assault rifles, 44,000 light machine guns and 44,600 carbines.

Ak-203

  • 3-generation upgraded modern variant of the AK-47 assault rifle.
  • Light weight about 3.5 kg (as against 4.15 kg of INSAS)
  • 7.62x39mm NATO grade ammunition (INSAS-5.56 mm)
  • 30-round magazine
  • It can fire at a rate of 600 bullets per minute
  • Range: 500m on iron sight and 800m on 4X zoom.
  • AK-203 has a high grade poly hand grip and pistol grip. (AK-47 and INSAS has wooden grip)
  • Adjustable foldable buttstock made of plastic and thus are easy to carry and transport.(buttstock is back of the rifle)
  • Equipped with optical scopes, night vision scopes with thermal infrared scopes, flash light, red dot laser etc.

Note: Will equip the infantry groups, paramilitary forces and police forces in 15-20 years

  • India will be manufacturing AK203 at Korwa, Uttar Pradesh in a JV with Russia.

SiG Sauer 716 Assault Rifles

  • Replacement for ageing INSAS Rifles
  • Range: 600m compared to requirement of 500 m range for counter-insurgency operations.
  • Automatic rifles that are gas-operated i.e. they use gas generated by a fired cartridge to fire other bullets.
  • Accurate, reliable thereby reducing fatigue of the ground soldier
  • Note: SigSauer Assault Rifles are more advanced with greater fire-power will equip the frontline infantry troops for counter-insurgency and counter-terror operations only at LOC.

Carbines

  • India is signing a deal with UAE for acquiring 93,895 Close Quarter Battle (CQB) carbines.