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Magnetic Force: Non-Contact Forces in Bar Magnet Experiments:
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- Experiment with Bar Magnets: Using two bar magnets and rollers, it’s observed that without touching each other, one magnet influences the movement of the other.
- Inference: Magnets exhibit either attraction or repulsion depending on their poles.
- This force between magnets occurs even without direct contact.
- Thus, the force exerted by a magnet, either on another magnet or on iron, exemplifies a non-contact force.
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Electrostatic Force: Non-Contact Forces in Charged Straw Experiments:
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- Experiment with Plastic Straws: Rubbing one end of a plastic straw with paper charges it.
- When brought close to another similarly charged straw (without contact), there’s a noticeable influence on its behavior.
- Inference: Rubbing gives the straw an electrostatic charge.
- The force exerted by one charged body on another, whether charged or uncharged, is termed electrostatic force, a non-contact force.
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Mechanics of Gravitational Forces in Everyday Observations:
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- Observations: Objects like coins or pens fall when dropped; fruits and leaves descend when detached from plants.
- Inference: The change in the state of motion indicates the influence of a force.
- This force, making objects fall toward the Earth, is called gravitational force or gravity.
- All objects experience this constant force.
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