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About Evolution
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- Mobile phones communicate through ground-based cellular networks. Cellular networks are divided into ‘communication cells’ with which our mobile phones and mobile devices communicate.
- Mobile communication involves transmitting voice or data using wireless radio transmission.
- The first mobile systems were based on analogue transmission called as 1G.
- The second-generation mobile systems were based on digital transmission.
- Initially only voice was carried over the network.
- The commonly used standards for voice communication were GSM and CDMA.
- These days, most mobile communications use Long Term Evolution communication– or LTE which allows us to communicate with voice and data simultaneously over the same network.
- The rules for carrying voice or data in a network are defined under the standards for mobile network communications often seen as 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
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1G
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- Mobile phones began with 1G technology in the 1980s.
- 1G is analog technology that supported only voice communications.
- The maximum speed is 2.4 Kbps.
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2G
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- First launched in 1991.
- For the 1st time radio signals became digital rather than analog.
- 2G phones are used for data also along with voice.
- Thus, 2G telephone introduced call and text encryption, SMS, picture messages, and MMS.
- Maximum speed under 2G networks with General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) was 50 kilobits per second.
- With Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) the speed went up to 1mbps
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GPRS
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- Launched in 2000
- Bridge between 2G and 3G.
- It marks the coming of data transmission besides voice communication.
- General Packet Radio Service enabled mobile devices to send and receive e-mails and pictures.
- GPRS used EDGE and GSM standards for both voice and data transmission.
- GPRS had operating speeds of up to 115kbit/s.
- It increased to a maximum of 384kbit/s by using EDGE.
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3G
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- The introduction of 3G networks in 1998 ushered in faster data-transmission speeds.
- Maximum speed of 3G is estimated to be around 2 Mbps for non-moving devices and 384 Kbps in moving vehicles.
- Further a 3G phone cannot communicate through a 4G network, but a 4G phone can communicate through a 3G or even 2G networks.
- Under both 2G to 3G technologies, data and voice transmission over the different networks using GSM or CDMA technology.
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4G
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- 4G uses LTE which allows us to communicate with voice and data simultaneously over the same network.
- Applications include amended mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud computing.
- The max speed of a 4G network when the device is moving is 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps for low mobility communication like when stationary or walking.
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