Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
delete UPSC Sample Notes [English]

xxviii.2. 5G Technology

About

  • 5G is the next generation cellular technology that will provide faster and more reliable communication with ultra-low latency (Latency is gap time or transmission time for a packet of data).
  • The Steering Committee constituted for identifying the 5G deployment roadmap for India recently submitted report titled ‘Making India 5G Ready’. As per government panel report with 5G data speed would be 2-20 Gbps.

Features of 5G

  • High datarates (1Gbps for hotspots, 100Mbps download and 50Mbps upload for wide-area coverage)
  • Massive connectivity (1million connections per square kilometre)
  • Ultra-low latency (1milli second)
  • High reliability (99.999% for mission critical ‘ultra-reliable’ communications).
  • Mobility at high speeds (up to 500km/hr i.e., high-speed trains).

Applications in India

  • Will enhance infrastructure efficiencies like vehicle platooning’. Platooning can double vehicle density in roads promoting efficient and safer use of the limited road infrastructure.
  • In manufacturing, 5G will enable use of robotics for precision manufacturing.
  • 5G can also enable better logistics to track goods from raw materials to product delivery.
  • In agriculture, 5G can enable improvement in the entire value-chain, from precision farming, smart irrigation, improved soil and crop monitoring to livestock management.
  • In the energy sector, ‘smart grids’ and ‘smart metering’ can be efficiently supported enabling growth of alternate energy technologies.
  • In healthcare, 5G can enable more effective tele-medicine delivery, tele-control of surgical robotics and wireless monitoring of vital statistics.
  • 5G will be used in in key government projects such as smart cities and Digital India.