xxviii.4. High-band spectrum

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xxviii.4. High-band spectrum

About	It has the fastest speed of the three bands, but its coverage and signal penetration intensity are severely restricted. Internet speeds in the 5G high-band spectrum have been tested to reach 20 Gbps (gigabits per second), although the greatest internet data speed in 4G has been reported at 1 Gbps in most circumstances.
Millimetre (mm) Wave Band	The millimetre wave band, or mmWave, is a portion of the radio frequency spectrum that spans 24 to 100 GHz. As the name implies, this spectrum has a short wavelength and is more likely to give higher speeds and shorter latencies. Since a result, data transport becomes more efficient and smoother, as existing networks are optimised for lower frequency bandwidths.
Significance of this mm band	Lower frequency bands may be used to deliver 5G services. They can reach longer distances and have been demonstrated to perform well even in congested metropolitan areas. However, when it comes to data rates, these bands fall short of the maximum capacity required for a real 5G experience. So, mmWave is that key component in the 5G jigsaw puzzle for mobile service providers.

Indigenous 5G

Currently, Indian contribution is design ownership of telecom products is very limited and India has been significant importer of global products. TSDSI has been established to enable India industry to take lead in International standardization activities.

LMLC Technology

TSDSI in collaboration of IITs have been successful in getting the Low Mobility Large Cell (LMLC) use case accepted by ITU as one of the 5G requirements for rural areas.

Benefits:

Increases the distance between two base stations to 6 km against 1.7 km by other technology. This technology will be beneficial for rural India and other developing countries.
The base stations can be placed at Gram Panchayats and connectivity can be provided to neighboring villages and farms.
Reduction of Capex cost.
Increase in speed of internet access in rural areas.
These rural towers have to be located where BharatNet fiber ends in 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats. From these towers, neighboring villages numbering 3.5 lakhs have to be provided wireless coverage.
This is for the first time a global standard is emerging from India at ITU.

TSDSI RIT

IIT Madras along with other institutions has developed this standard as a variation to 3GPP standards for enhanced rural connectivity. This technology is also called 5Gi technology.

Benefits:

Enhanced coverage in rural areas
Reduced capex costs.
This standard, however, has not been adopted by ITU and thus not globally harmonised