iv. Caste system

Early written evidence about the caste system appears in the Vedas. For centuries, caste has dictated almost every aspect of Indian religious and social life, with each group occupying a specific place in this complex hierarchy. The system bestowed many privileges on the upper castes while sanctioning repression of the lower castes by – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

[Image: Role of Caste System]

[Image: Modernisation Factors that have led to changes in the caste system in India]

v. Family, Marriage, and Kinship

• In Indian society, the– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
• – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –