G2C

G2E

G2B

G2G

Target Audience

Citizens

Government Employees

Businesses and Corporations

Government Entities

Purpose

Delivering public services

HR management, payroll, etc.

Regulatory compliance, support

Intergovernmental cooperation

Data Sensitivity

Personal and sensitive info

Employee records, payroll data

Business data, financial info

Government data and policies

Frequency

Varied, often sporadic

Regular and ongoing

Transaction-based

Ongoing and as needed

Channels

Online, in-person, mail

HR systems, internal portals

Online portals, – – – – – – – – –

Data sharing platforms, forums

Goals

Citizen satisfaction, – – – – – – – – –

Employee efficiency, – – – – – – – – –

Business growth, compliance

Government efficiency, policy

Examples

Tax filing, – – – – – – – – –

Payroll management, training

Permit application, – – – – – – – – –

Data sharing, policy coordination

Government to Citizen (G2C) Initiatives

Bhoomi Project: Bhoomi is a flagship project of the Karnataka State Government. It was launched to digitize all land records in the state to prevent corruption and manipulation of data.

Gyandoot: A project launched by the Madhya Pradesh government. It is a Mission Mode Project in which 2,50,000 Panchayati Raj Institutions were identified to deliver e-Governance services to rural populations.

Lokvani Project: Public-private partnership project at Sitapur District in Uttar Pradesh, to provide a single window, self-sustainable e-Governance solution with regard to handling of grievances, land record maintenance and providing a mixture of essential services.

Project FRIENDS in Kerala: FRIENDS (Fast, Reliable, Instant, Efficient Network for the Disbursement of Services) is a Single Window Facility providing citizens the means to pay taxes and other financial dues to the State Government.

e-Mitra Project in Rajasthan: Committed to quick and convenient delivery of – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government to Business (G2B) Initiatives

e-Procurement Project in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat:
To reduce the time and cost of doing business for both vendors and- – – – – – – – – – – – –

MCA 21: By the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. The project aims at providing easy and secure online access to all registry related services provided by the Union Ministry of Corporate Affairs to corporates and other stakeholders at any time and in a manner that – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Government to Government (G2G) Initiatives

Khajane Project in Karnataka: It is a comprehensive online treasury computerization project of the Government of Karnataka.

SmartGov (Andhra Pradesh): SmartGov has been developed to streamline operations, enhance efficiency through workflow automation and knowledge management for implementation in the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

G2E (Government to Employee)

• e-Learning methods; 
• Consolidating the employee and 
• Share of knowledge among the employees. 
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – –– – – – – -.- – – – – – – 

Online Service Delivery

• E-Governance enables citizens to access government services and information online. This includes services related to taxes, permits, licenses, healthcare, education, and more.
• For example, citizens can file their income tax returns online or apply for government licenses through – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
• – – – – – – – – – – – – –– – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

Digital Identity Systems

• Many countries have implemented digital identity systems that provide citizens with secure, unique identifiers for accessing government services.
• India’s Aadhaar is a notable example, providing a 12-digit unique identity number based on biometric and demographic data. Citizens can use Aadhaar for – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

Government Portals

• They provide a single point of access to various services, information, and resources. Citizens can use these portals to apply for government schemes, check the status of applications, and access government publications.
• GSTN is an IT platform for the administration of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. Businesses use the – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – — – – – – – –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

E-Healthcare:

• It is transforming healthcare by enabling electronic health records, telemedicine, and online appointment booking. Patients can consult with healthcare providers remotely, access medical records, and receive healthcare information online.
• E-Hospital enables patients to book appointments and access healthcare services online. AIIMS offers – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

E-Education

• Educational institutions are using digital platforms for online learning, course registration, and examination management. E-Governance in education also includes providing digital resources and improving communication between students, teachers, and institutions.
• SWAYAM – Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) is an e-learning platform that offers free courses and educational resources to students and teachers. Students can access – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

Digital Payments

• Governments are promoting digital payments and financial inclusion through e-Governance.
• BHIM (Bharat Interface for Money) and UPI (Unified Payments Interface) like applications promote digital payments and financial inclusion. Citizens can use BHIM or UPI apps to make cashless transactions, pay bills, and transfer money.
• India’s Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is an initiative to transfer government subsidies and benefits directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts. Under PM-Kisan, farmers receive direct cash transfers to their bank accounts as a part of – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

E-Tendering and Procurement

• E-Governance simplifies government procurement processes through e-tendering platforms. Vendors can submit bids electronically, making procurement more transparent and efficient.
• Indian Government e-Marketplace – GeM portal is an online platform for government procurement, enabling transparent and efficient e-tendering processes. Government departments and agencies use – – – – – – – – – – – – -.- –
• – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

Digital Citizenship

• E-Governance encourages citizen engagement through digital platforms. Citizens can provide feedback, file complaints, and participate in – – – – – – – – –
• – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -.- – – – – – –

Data Management and Analytics

• E-Governance applications include data management tools for government agencies. These tools help in – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 
• – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 

Security and Privacy

• Ensuring the security and privacy of citizen data is a critical aspect of e-Governance. Robust cybersecurity measures are put in place to protect sensitive information.
• DigiLocker is a cloud-based platform that allows citizens to store and access – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
• – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –