Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
UPSC Sample Notes [English]

C.3. Agriculture Marketing

Agricultural marketing primarily concerns with the buying and selling of agricultural products. It refers to all the activities, agencies and policies involved in the procurement of farm inputs by the farmers and the movement of agricultural produce from the farms to the consumers. 

The Indian council of Agricultural Research includes three important functions involved in agricultural marketing, namely

  • assembling (concentration) 
  • preparation for consumption (processing) and
  • Distribution

According to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) report in 2019, out of the 93 million agricultural households in India, approximately 63% reported the sale of crops, of which 76% sold to local markets and only 7.2% sold to Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) markets, indicating a substantial proportion of the produce being sold outside of government markets.

  • Furthermore, the report revealed that only 5.4% and 0.37% of agricultural households sold their produce to private processors and contract farming companies, respectively, highlighting the need for improving the marketing system to ensure better price realisation for agricultural commodities, which is a primary objective of building an efficient marketing system. 
  • The survey also indicates that 60% of agricultural households were satisfied with their sale outcomes, while 36% were dissatisfied due to receiving lower than market prices.