A.3. Data on Important Aspects of Governance
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Category |
Data and Details |
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Public Delivery of Services |
Aadhar Generated: 1.35 billion (99% Adults) |
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Exclusion due to Aadhar Issues: 2.3% (2023 survey), 1.3% PDS biometric failure |
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DBT |
Total DBT transfer in 2023-24 – 6.91 Lakh Cr through 314 schemes of 57 Ministries. It has saved around 3.5 Lakh Cr of the government. |
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Under the state government schemes, the cumulative DBT is Rs 274934 crore. For the financial year 2021-22, it amounts to Rs 1674 crore under 137 schemes of 27 Departments. |
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Governance – RTI |
RTI Applications: Since 2005, more than 4.2 crore RTIs have been filed and 26 lakh second appeals are there before the commissions. In 2019-20, the Central government ministries and departments received 1.29 million RTI applications. |
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The rejection of RTI applications on grounds of “national security” by Central government ministries increased by 83% during 2020-21, even though the overall rejection rate decreased by 2.95%. |
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In 2022, 3.14 lakh RTI appeals were pending. This is a 44% increase from 2019 and a 10% increase from 2021. |
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Highest number of pending cases were in Maharashtra at 99,722 followed by Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, the Central Information Commission (32k) and Bihar. |
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In 29 information commissions across the country only 5% of the positions are occupied by women. |
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4.6% rejection rate, 35% increase in national security rejections |
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Only 11 information commissions out of 29 provide e-filing facility for RTI applications or appeals, but only five are functional. |
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E-Governance |
Access: 30% of women in rural areas have internet. |
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Schools with Internet: 27% (2023-2024) |
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E-Courts: HC disposed 24 million cases, DC disposed 44 million cases |
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Over 188 million individuals and 18,000 organizations have issued over 8 billion documents on DigiLocker. |
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Legal, Judicial, and Police Reforms |
Pending Cases: 70,000 in SC, 60 lakh in HCs, 4.35 crore in lower courts |
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Vacancy: 5,900 judges |
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Police and Prisons |
Police-Population Ratio: 155 per lakh. Best police ratio in Nagaland, Andaman & Nicobar |
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Prison Occupancy: 132% (2024) |
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Undertrials: 68% of prisoners |
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Corruption |
India ranked 93 out of 180 countries on the corruption perceptions index for 2023. |
A.4. Key Aspects of Governance
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Dimension |
Component |
Examples |
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Political Dimension |
Nature of Political Contestation |
Institutional Autonomy for RBI, ECI etc |
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Exercise of Franchise |
Ensuring free and fair elections |
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Profile and Conduct of Political Representatives |
Integrity, accountability, and behavior of elected officials |
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Quality/Functioning of the Political Executive |
Efficiency, responsiveness, and transparency of the executive branch |
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Political Decentralization |
Principle of Subsidiarity |
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Legal & Judicial Dimension |
General Conditions of Rule of Law and Internal Security |
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Accessibility, Approachability, and Citizen-Friendliness of the Police |
e-FIR |
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Police Administration and Functioning |
Police Reforms – Prakash Singh Judgment |
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Access to Justice and Judicial Administration |
Timely and affordable access to justice for all citizens FR U/A 21 |
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Corruption Perception, Vigilance, and Enforcement |
Lokpal Act |
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Administrative Dimension |
Citizen Orientation, Responsiveness, and Transparency |
RTI, Citizen Charter |
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Efficient management and development of human resources within the administrative machinery |
Mission Karmayogi |
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Ensuring sound financial management practices to optimize resource utilization |
PFMA |
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Basic Service Delivery |
Housing for All |
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Economic Dimension |
Ensuring responsible fiscal management, budgeting, and financial discipline |
FRBM Act |
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Creating a conducive environment for businesses to thrive, including regulatory reforms and ease of doing business |
FDI Liberalization |
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Enhancing support and development of agriculture, fisheries, and forestry |
PM Kisan |
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Social Dimension |
Welfare of the Poor and Vulnerable Sections and Improved Standard of living |
MGNREGA |
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Encouraging the active participation of civil society organizations in governance and development processes |
Social Audit |
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Ensuring a free and responsible media that acts as a watchdog and provides a platform for public discourse |
Investigative Journalism |
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Promoting sustainable development through effective environmental governance and management practices |
A.5. Different Models of Governance
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Model |
Description |
Specific Example |
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Government-as-Machine Model |
The government functions like a machine with strict adherence to rules and regulations, lacking flexibility and responsiveness. |
Traditional public administration in India, where bureaucratic processes often lead to delays and inefficiencies in service delivery. |
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Government-as-Network Model |
The government operates as a complex, interconnected system, emphasizing connection, communication, and collaboration to solve problems. |
Smart City initiatives in India, where various stakeholders, including government, private sector, and citizens, collaborate to improve urban living. |
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Market Model |
The government allows the private sector to provide services, aiming for efficiency and better service delivery compared to traditional public sectors. |
Delhi Electricity Board’s privatization |
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Participatory State Model |
Emphasizes increased individual and collective participation in government decision-making processes, especially for typically excluded segments. |
Gram Sabhas |
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Deregulated Government Model |
Focuses on reducing bureaucratic control, providing more managerial freedom, and making decisions based on societal needs and collective input. |
Liberalization reforms in India post-1991 |
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Entitlement-Based Model |
The state provides essential goods and services to citizens who are seen as passive recipients, e.g., food grains under the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India. |
Public Distribution System (PDS) |
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Rights-Based Model |
Aims to empower citizens as active participants in decision-making and strengthens the capacity of governments to fulfill their duties to citizens. |
Right to Information Act (RTI) |