Course Content
UPSC Notes Samples
Full Syllabus Covered | 100% as per Official UPSC Syllabus
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1. Art & Culture Sample
Covered under topic 1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. (copy)
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. (copy)
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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5. Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
All topics that need updates are given below.
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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GS4
All topics that need updates are given below.
GS3: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
All topics given below
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1. Motion & Measurements
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9. Metals & Non-Metals
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10. Energy
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12. Plant Organisms
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14. Life Processes
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18. Biotechnology
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19. Information Technology
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20. Space Technology
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National & International Current Affairs (CA) 2025
Current affairs of all months are given below
UPSC Sample Notes [English]
ii. Significance of Agriculture Marketing

Monetizing the Produce

Marketing facilitates and improves the sale of agricultural products. The value of these products is factored by the demand and supply status, which in turn is impacted by the marketed volume and the asking price.

Also, a well-developed marketing infrastructure and efficient marketing system promote Student Notes: competitive trade resulting in better price realization for the farmer. 

Acting as a source of market information and price signal 

The information from the marketing plays crucial role to empower the producers capable of producing marketable surplus. 

It provides them with relevant demand linked information on quantity, desired quality, standards and specifications of the produce.

It provides information that helps the supply chain to become efficient by indicating logistical and infrastructural weaknesses such as post-harvest and storage losses.

Reducing the role of intermediaries  

An efficient marketing chain progressively decreases the number of hands agricultural produce changes both for economic and qualitative reasons.

In such a scenario, role of intermediaries is replaced by institutional mechanisms or market structures.

Capital formation and investment in technology

Effective agricultural marketing can appropriately showcase the growth potential in the sector. This will encourage investment and penetration of better technologies in the sector.

Value addition in agriculture

Robust marketing systems provide access of agricultural produce to downstream industries, creating a potential for large scale value addition. For example, large scale ‘Makhana’ snack industry has been developing in the recent past after marketing initiatives were taken by Bihar Government.

Apart from above, well-functioning markets can drive growth, ensure food security, employment and economic prosperity in rural areas of the country via the agricultural sector.