T.15. Marrakech Climate Change Conference – Cop 22 2016
In addition to developing the Paris rulebook, parties took various actions and made announcements on several issues at the Marrakech Climate Conference in 2016.
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Finance |
The Paris Agreement mandates developed countries to provide biennial reports on financial support, including public interventions and future support projections. Discussions in Marrakech included considerations on how to account for public finance, questioning whether the accounting should apply only to flows from developed to developing countries or include broader flows of public finance. |
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Global Stocktake |
Parties initiated discussions on structuring the global stocktake, covering format, inputs, timeline, duration, output, and its connection to other elements of the Paris architecture. |
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“Orphan” issues |
A contentious matter in Marrakech involved addressing so-called “orphan” issues mentioned in the Paris Agreement but not assigned to any specific body for further consideration. These issues include common timeframes for NDCs, rules around NDC adjustment, and the development of a new collective finance goal post-2025. Parties tasked the APA with continued consideration of these matters. |
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Adaptation Fund |
The fate of the Adaptation Fund established under the Kyoto Protocol was deliberated. While developed countries preferred channeling support through the Green Climate Fund, developing countries advocated for keeping the Adaptation Fund operational. Parties decided the fund should serve the Paris Agreement, pending governance and other decisions. |
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2018 Facilitative Dialogue |
Anticipating the delayed enforcement of the Paris Agreement, parties planned an early stocktake through a facilitative dialogue in 2018. Consultations on organizing the dialogue were assigned to the COP 22 and COP 23 presidencies, with a report due at COP 24. |
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Mid-century Strategies |
The Paris Agreement encourages countries to submit long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies. Canada, Germany, Mexico, and the United States were the first to submit mid-century strategies in Marrakech. The 2050 Pathway Platform was launched to assist other countries in developing their strategies. |
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Finance (Reiterated) |
Developed countries presented a roadmap for mobilizing $100 billion annually in public and private finance for developing countries by 2020. The Standing Committee on Finance released its second biennial assessment, indicating a 15 percent increase in global climate finance in 2013-14, reaching an estimated $741 billion in 2014. New financial pledges were announced for the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN), the Capacity-building Initiative for Transparency, and World Bank climate finance for the Middle East-North Africa region. |
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Loss and Damage |
Parties conducted the first review of the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage, addressing unavoidable climate impacts. The mechanism, under the Paris Agreement, aims to help vulnerable countries cope with such impacts, with a review scheduled for 2019 and subsequent reviews on a five-year cycle, aligning with global stocktakes. |