Course Content
GS1
All topics given below
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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10. Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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13. Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
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14. Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
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16. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
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5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
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6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
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16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
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19. Security challenges and their management in border areas; -linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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UPSC Full Course [English]
About Lesson

T.19. Sharm El-Sheikh COP 27 Outcomes

Major outcomes

  • The COP27 has approved the creation of a “Loss and Damage” fund to assist nations vulnerable to climate-related losses. Additionally, a new five-year work program has been introduced to promote climate technology solutions in developing nations.
  • In the field of mitigation, a work program aims to rapidly increase efforts to mitigate climate change. This program will run until 2030, featuring at least two global dialogues each year. Governments are urged to review and strengthen their 2030 climate targets within their national plans by the end of 2023, alongside accelerating efforts to reduce coal power and phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.
  • Delegates at COP27 have concluded the second technical dialogue of the inaugural global stocktake, a mechanism aimed at raising climate ambition as per the Paris Agreement. Before the stocktake’s completion at COP28 the following year, a ‘climate ambition summit’ will be convened in 2023 by the UN Secretary-General.
  • The Sharm-El-Sheikh Adaptation Agenda outlines 30 Adaptation Outcomes to strengthen resilience for the 4 billion people living in the most climate-vulnerable communities by 2030.
  • The Action on Water Adaptation and Resilience Initiative (AWARe) has been launched to address the significance of water in both climate change challenges and solutions.
  • The African Carbon Market Initiative (ACMI) aims to support carbon credit production and job creation in Africa.
  • The establishment of the Global Renewables Alliance brings together all the necessary technologies for the energy transition, aiming not only to achieve targets but also to position renewable energy as a pillar of sustainable development and economic growth.
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