About Lesson
A. Geography As A Discipline
The term geography was first coined by Eratosthenese, a Greek scholar (276-194 BC.).
GS1
All topics given below
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
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3. The Freedom Struggle – its various stages and important contributors/ contributions from different parts of the country.
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4. Post-independence consolidation and reorganization within the country.
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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6. Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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8. Effects of globalization on Indian society.
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9. Social empowerment, Communalism, Regionalism & Secularism.
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10. Salient features of the world’s physical geography.
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10.1. Physical Geography & Their Features
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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11. Distribution of key natural resources across the world (including South Asia and the Indian sub-continent); factors responsible for the location of primary, secondary and tertiary sector industries in various parts of the world (including India).
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11.1. Geography (India, People and Economy)
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12. Important Geophysical phenomena such as Earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, Cyclone etc., geographical features and their location- changes in critical geographical features (including Waterbodies and Ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.
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12.1. India: Physical Environment
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12.2. Human Geography
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GS2
All Updates topics given below
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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8. Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies
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10. Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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13. Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
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14. Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
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16. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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19. Effect of Policies and Politics of Developed and Developing Countries on India’s Interests, Indian Diaspora.
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GS3
1. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment.
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2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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3. Government Budgeting.
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4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
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5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
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6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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9. Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways etc.
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
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14. Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment.
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16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
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19. Security challenges and their management in border areas; -linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
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GS3: ENVIRONMENT
1. Environment
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