B.5. Geographical Factors

• Raw material: Natural resources that can be used as raw materials are available.

• Technology: To turn the resource into an asset with value.

• Power: To utilize the technology.

• Labour: Human resources in the area who can function as labour to run the processes.

• Transport: Road/rail connectivity.

• Storage and warehousing.

• Marketing feasibility.

• Characteristics of land and soil.

• Climate.

• Precipitation and water resources.

• Vulnerability to natural resources.

i. Explanation

• Raw materials are one of the important factors in an industrial location. The mere location of industries itself may be determined by the availability or location of the raw materials.
• Power – conventional (coal, mineral oil, or hydroelectricity) or- conventional is a necessity for any industrial establishment.
• The availability of labour or a skilled workforce is the success mantra for the growth of all industries.
• The availability of easy transportation always influences the location of the industry. So the junction points of waterways, roadways, and railways become humming centres of industrial activity.
• The finished goods should reach the market at the end of the process of manufacturing. Thus nearness to the market is an add-on quality in the process of selecting a location for industry.
• The availability of water is another factor that influences the industrial location. Many industries are established near rivers, canals, and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and steel industries, textile industries, and chemical industries require large quantities of water, for their proper functioning.
• The site that is selected for the establishment of an industry must be flat and well-served by adequate transport facilities.
• The climate of the area selected for the industry is important, very harsh climates are not suitable for successful industrial growth.