Course Content
GS1
All topics given below
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All Updates topics given below
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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10. Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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13. Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
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14. Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
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16. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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GS3
2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
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5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
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6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
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16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
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19. Security challenges and their management in border areas; -linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
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GS3: ENVIRONMENT
UPSC Full Course [English]
About Lesson
ii. Evolution of Pottery in Ancient India

Mauryan Period Pottery

Pottery from the Mauryan period is regarded as one of the finest examples of ancient Indian craftsmanship. This era introduced Northern Black Polished Ware, known for its glossy finish, smooth texture, and rich black hue. The exceptional quality and artistry of these pottery items played an integral role in the thriving trade networks of the Mauryan Empire.

Gupta Period Pottery

The Gupta period, often hailed as the Golden Age of India, brought pottery to new levels of artistic sophistication. There was a distinct shift towards sculptural elements in pottery, with the introduction of new forms and designs. The abundant use of ornate figural decorations in pottery during this time reflects the cultural and economic flourishing of the Gupta era.

Pottery in Southern India Sangam Period

Meanwhile, the Sangam period marked an important phase in the evolution of pottery in Southern India. The pottery of this time, crafted from high-quality clay, was noted for its intricate designs and vibrant colors. The skill and precision of the potters were evident in the finely made pottery items, which ranged from functional vessels to decorative figurines.

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