Course Content
GS1
All topics given below
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All Updates topics given below
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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10. Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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13. Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
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14. Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
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16. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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GS3
2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
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5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
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6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
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16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
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19. Security challenges and their management in border areas; -linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
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GS3: ENVIRONMENT
UPSC Full Course [English]
About Lesson
vii. Modern Architecture 

The Europeans initially arrived in India as traders, but over time, they gained political control and established colonial rule. Along with their dominance, they introduced the influences of the Industrial Revolution and European architectural styles. By the early 20th century, some Indian architects were trained in these European styles and began adapting them to the local context. Architects like Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn, who were commissioned for prominent projects in India, greatly influenced Indian architecture and helped ignite a new trend in Modern Architecture.

  1. Evolution of Modern Architecture 

Portuguese

Few places can rival the magnificence of Goa’s religious and secular architecture, which flourished as the prosperous seat of the Portuguese in India from 1530 to 1835.

  • Among the surviving churches, the Church of the Holy Spirit stands out as one of the most significant examples of Goa’s architectural heritage.
  • The Portuguese introduced Gothic and Baroque architecture in India.
  • With its three floors and baroque design, the Basilica do Bom Jesus in Old Goa is reminiscent of late Renaissance architecture. 
  • The large Golden Bell is housed at the Cathedral de Santa Catarina, which combines Tuscan and Corinthian architectural elements. 
  • The Church of Saint Francis of Assisi, Convent of Santa Monica, Chapel of the Weeping Cross, Sanctuary of Saint Joseph Vaz, and other religious buildings constructed during their rule also heavily use Portuguese architectural elements.
  • The Bandel Church, located on the banks of the River Hooghly in West Bengal, is another well-known Portuguese structure in India.

French 

  • Numerous locations in India display Parisian architectural designs.
  • French architecture utilised regionally-sourced materials and took local climatic factors into account.
  • The French style included French shutter windows, carvings on archways, and thin street fronts.

British

  • The British officer wanted to implement the Palladian style in the 18th century. Constantia, a well-known example of a structure in this style, was built by General Martin in Lucknow.
  • A trend to incorporate the greatest features of Indian and Western architecture emerged in the 19th century. 
  • Example: It can be seen in the Moor Market in Chennai and the Museum in Jaipur.
  • The Gateway of India in Mumbai was designed by G Wittet, who used a number of Mughal features.
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