Wildlife Protection in India
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- In 1972, inspired by the global momentum from the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, India became one of the first nations to embed environmental protection within its Constitution. Today, June 5th is globally observed as World Environment Day in recognition of that legacy.
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Constitutional Provisions
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- Article 48-A places a responsibility on the State to protect and enhance the environment, as well as conserve forests and wildlife.
- Article 51-A(g) entrusts every citizen with the fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment, which includes safeguarding forests, rivers, lakes, and wildlife.
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Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
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- Enacted in 1972, this Act marked a milestone, addressing wildlife protection despite it being a State subject.
- Adopted by all states except Jammu and Kashmir, the Act is mandatory in Union Territories.
- Amended in 1982, 1986, 1991, and 1993, it establishes the framework for wildlife protection and management.
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Salient Features
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- Originating in 1887, the Act covers protection for wild
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Protected Areas (PA)
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- The adoption of a National Policy for Wildlife Conservation in 1970 and the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972 lead to a significant growth in the protected areas
- Geographical Area of India = 32,87,263 km2
Forest cover of India (FSI, 2015) = 7,01,673 km2 Percentage Area under Forest cover = 21.34 % of Geographical Area of India
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