Course Content
GS1
All topics given below
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1. Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times.
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2. Modern Indian history from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues.
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5. History of the world will include events from the 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World wars, Redrawal of national boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, Political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the society.
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7. Role of women and women’s organizations, Population and associated issues, Poverty and developmental issues, Urbanization, their problems and their remedies.
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10.2. Introduction to Maps
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GS2
All topics that need updates are given below.
6. Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary; Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
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10. Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their Design and Implementation.
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12. Welfare schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Centre and States and the Performance of these schemes; Mechanisms, Laws, Institutions and Bodies constituted for the Protection and Betterment of these Vulnerable Sections.
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13. Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.
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14. Issues relating to Poverty and Hunger.
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16. Role of Civil Services in a Democracy
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GS3
All topics that need updates are given below.
2. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it.
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4. Major crops – cropping patterns in various parts of the country, different types of irrigation and irrigation systems – storage, transport and marketing of agricultural produce and issues and related constraints; e-technology in the aid of farmers.
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5. Issues related to direct and indirect farm subsidies and minimum support prices; Public Distribution System- objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping; issues of buffer stocks and food security; Technology missions; economics of animal-rearing.
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6. Food processing and related industries in India- scope and significance, location, upstream and downstream requirements, supply chain management.
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11. Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life.
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12. Achievements of Indians in Science & Technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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13. Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights.
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16. Linkages between development and spread of extremism.
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19. Security challenges and their management in border areas; -linkages of organized crime with terrorism.
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GS3: BIODIVERSITY AND ENVIRONMENT
All topics that need updates are given below.
1. Environment
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UPSC Full Course [English]
About Lesson

M.2. Wildlife Protection Act 1972

Wildlife Protection in India

  • In 1972, inspired by the global momentum from the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, India became one of the first nations to embed environmental protection within its Constitution. Today, June 5th is globally observed as World Environment Day in recognition of that legacy.

Constitutional Provisions

  • Article 48-A places a responsibility on the State to protect and enhance the environment, as well as conserve forests and wildlife.
  • Article 51-A(g) entrusts every citizen with the fundamental duty to protect and improve the natural environment, which includes safeguarding forests, rivers, lakes, and wildlife.

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

  • Enacted in 1972, this Act marked a milestone, addressing wildlife protection despite it being a State subject.
  • Adopted by all states except Jammu and Kashmir, the Act is mandatory in Union Territories.
  • Amended in 1982, 1986, 1991, and 1993, it establishes the framework for wildlife protection and management.

Salient Features

  • Originating in 1887, the Act covers protection for wild

Protected Areas (PA)

  • The adoption of a National Policy for Wildlife Conservation in 1970 and the enactment of the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972 lead to a significant growth in the protected areas
  • Geographical Area of India = 32,87,263 km2
    Forest cover of India (FSI, 2015) = 7,01,673 km2
    Percentage Area under Forest cover = 21.34 % of Geographical Area of India
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